Modern turnout gear, which also goes by the name bunker gear, is an engineering marvel. The gear allows fire fighters to brave heat, flames, water and smoke, all while retaining their mobility. However, this gear did not spring into existence fully formed. Rather, the modern gear is an accumulation of features based on decades of work and observation, refined through generations of firemen wearing the best gear available at the time. 

Modern fire gear traces its roots to the first fire helmet, designed in the 1730s by Jacobus Turck, caretaker of New York City's fire fighting equipment. The modern shape of the fire helmet, with a brim, long tail and front shield, dates to 1836. Around the same time, fire fighters started wearing red-dyed, woolen pants and long coats that resisted fire and temperature extremes. Heavy leather boots became the norm, completing history's first purpose-designed suit of fire fighting gear.

Around the turn of the 20th century, rubber began to work its way into the standard suit of fire fighting gear. A heavy rubber slicker worn over the long woolen coat protected against heat and water. Rubber also replaced leather as the boot material of choice for its waterproofing ability and heat resistance. However, respirator gear was still minimal. Fire fighters often wore airtight bags inflated with air on their backs, periodically drawing fresh air through a hose.

The terms "bunker gear" and "turnout gear" also appeared in the early 20th century, though the origins of each are unconfirmed. After World War II, more advanced gear appeared, particularly in terms of materials and respirators, the latter of which came from the aviation industry. Three-layered coats and pants appeared in the 1970s. These included an outer layer to withstand up to 500 degrees Fahrenheit, a middle waterproof layer and an inner layer to prevent heat transfer. 

Modern turnout gear still uses the three-layer format, though the materials have advanced. Modern gear also includes a personal alert safety system, webbing and pockets to carry tools and padding. Self-contained breathing apparatuses also accompany modern turnout gear. Gear is also available for nuclear, biohazard and chemical weapon protection, and these features are soon to be standard.